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008			171212s2014 nju o 001 0 eng
010			_a2014-021546
020			_a9781680156621 _qelectronic bk.
020			_a1680156624 _qelectronic bk.
020			_z9781118948729
020			_z1118948726
020			_z9781118948712
020			_z1118948718
020			_z9781118948743
020			_z1118948742
020			_z9780470343852 (hardback)
028	0	1	_aEB00595868 _bRecorded Books
029	1		_aCHBIS _b010442383
029	1		_aCHVBK _b334093600
029	1		_aDEBSZ _b431874115
029	1		_aDEBSZ _b449477169
029	1		_aDEBBG _bBV043396820
035			_a(OCoLC)880831301 _z(OCoLC)904962020 _z(OCoLC)905859525
035			_a(OCoLC)ocn880831301
039		9	_a201902151027 _bmurni _y12-12-2017 _zhafiz _wMYUKM (1).mrc _x609
040			_aDLC _beng _erda _cDLC _dYDX _dOCLCF _dNST _dDG1 _dDEBSZ _dYDXCP _dE7B _dOCLCO _dRECBK _dHEBIS _dKNOVL _dDEBBG
042			_apcc
049			_aMAIN
050	0	0	_aTP155.75
072		7	_aSCI _x013060 _2bisacsh
072		7	_aTEC _x009010 _2bisacsh
082	0	0	_a660/.2815 _223
245	0	0	_aGuidelines for initiating events and independent protection layers in layer of protection analysis / _cCenter for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers.
264		1	_aHoboken, New Jersey : _bWiley ; _aNew York : _bCenter for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, _c2014.
300			_a1 online resource.
336			_atext _2rdacontent
337			_acomputer _2rdamedia
338			_aonline resource _2rdacarrier
500			_aIncludes index.
500			_aMachine generated contents note: List of Data Tables xi Acronyms and Abbreviations xv Glossary xix Acknowledgments xxv Preface xxix Introduction 1 1.1 Audience 2 1.2 Scope 3 1.3 Key Changes Since the Initial LOPA Concept Book 4 1.4 Recap of LOPA 6 1.5 Disclaimer 10 1.6 Linkage to Other CCPS Publications 11 1.7 Annotated Description of Chapters 13 Overview: Initiating Events and Independent Protection Layers 16 2.1 LOPA Elements: An Overview 16 2.2 Management Systems to Support LOPA 16 2.3 Scenario Selection 18 2.4 Overview of Scenario Frequency 20 2.5 Overview of Consequences 28 2.6 Risk Considerations 29 2.7 Conclusions 31 Core Attributes 34 3.1 Introduction to Core Attributes 34 3.2 Independence 35 3.3 Functionality 40 3.4 Integrity 47 3.5 Reliability 49 3.6 Auditability 52 3.7 Access Security 53 3.8 Management of Change 54 3.9 Use of Data Tables 55 Example Initiating Events and IE Frequencies 58 4.1 Overview of Initiating Events 58 4.2 Inherently Safer Design and Initiating Event Frequency 59 4.3 Specific Initiating Events for Use in LOPA 60 4.4 External Events 113 4.5 What if Your Candidate Initiating Event is Not Shown in a Data Table? 113 Example IPLs and PFD Values 116 5.1 Overview of Independent Protection Layers (IPLs) 116 5.2 Specific Independent Protection Layers for Use in LOPA 118 5.3 What if Your Candidate IPL is Not Shown in a Data Table? 263 Advanced LOPA Topics 268 6.1 Purpose 268 6.2 Use of QRA Methods Relative to LOPA 269 6.3 Evaluation of Complex Mitigative IPLs 275 6.4 Conclusions 277 Appendices 280 Appendix A: Human Factors Considerations 282 Appendix B: Site-Specific Human Performance Data Collection and Validation 300 Appendix C: Site-Specific Equipment Data Collection and Validation 310 Appendix D: Example Reliability Data Conversion for Check Valves 324 Appendix E: Considerations for Overpressure of Pressure Vessels and Piping 328 REFERENCES 334 INDEX 342 .
504			_aIncludes bibliographical references and index.
520			_a'The book is a guide for Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA) practitioners. It explains the onion skin model and in particular, how it relates to the use of LOPA and the need for non-safety instrumented independent protection layers. It provides specific guidance on Independent Protection Layers (IPLs) that are not Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS). Using the LOPA methodology, companies typically take credit for risk reductions accomplished through non-SIS alternatives; i.e. administrative procedures, equipment design, etc. It addresses issues such as how to ensure the effectiveness and maintain reliability for administrative controls or'inherently safer, passive' concepts.This book will address how the fields of Human Reliability Analysis, Fault Tree Analysis, Inherent Safety, Audits and Assessments, Maintenance, and Emergency Response relate to LOPA and SIS. The book will separate IPL's into categories such as the following: Inherent Safety eliminates a scenario or fundamentally reduces a hazard Preventive/Proactive prevents initiating event from occurring such as enhanced maintenance Preventive/Active stops chain of events after initiating event occurs but before an incident has occurred such as high level in a tank shutting off the pump. Mitigation (active or passive) minimizes impact once an incident has occurred such as closing block valves once LEL is detected in the dike (active) or the dike preventing contamination of groundwater (passive).'-- _cProvided by publisher.
520			_a'Presents a brief overview of Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA)and its variations, and summarizes terminology used for evaluating scenarios in the context of a typical incident sequence'-- _cProvided by publisher.
588			_aDescription based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher.
650		0	_aChemical process control _xSafety measures.
650		0	_aChemical processes _xSafety measures.
650		0	_aChemical plants _xRisk assessment.
655		4	_aElectronic books.
655		0	_aElectronic books.
710	2		_aAmerican Institute of Chemical Engineers. _bCenter for Chemical Process Safety.
773	0		_tWiley e-books
776	0	8	_iPrint version: _tGuidelines for initiating events and independent protection layers in layer of protection analysis _dHoboken, New Jersey : Wiley ; New York : Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2014 _z9780470343852 _w(DLC) 2014012633
856	4	0	_uhttps://eresourcesptsl.ukm.remotexs.co/user/login?url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/book/10.1002/9781118948743 _zWiley Online Library
907			_a.b16543518 _b2022-10-13 _c2019-11-12
942			_n0
914			_avtls003629282
998			_ae _b2017-12-12 _cm _dz _feng _gnju _y0 _z.b16543518
999			_c689294 _d689294