000			03263nam a2200445 i 4500
005			20250919130305.0
008			190117s2018 waua 000 0 eng d
020			_a9781944466183 _qpaperback _cHadiah
039		9	_a201907221535 _brahah _c201901221021 _demilda _y01-17-2019 _zemilda
040			_aDGPO/DLC _beng _cDGPO _dDLC _dUKM _erda
090			_aQB82.U62S658
090			_aQB82.U62 _bS658
100	1		_aDeVorkin, David H., _d1944- _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aFred Whipple's Empire : _bthe Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, 1955-1973 / _cDavid H. DeVorkin.
246	3	0	_aSmithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, 1955-1973
264		1	_aWashington, D.C. : _bSmithsonian Instituition Scholarly Press, _bSmithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, _c2018.
264		4	_c©2018
300			_axvii, 401 pages : _billustrations ; _c25 cm.
336			_atext _2rdacontent
337			_aunmediated _2rdamedia
338			_avolume _2rdacarrier
490	1		_aA Smithsonian contribution to knowledge
504			_aIncludes bibliographical references and index.
520			_aThis book explores how and why the Smithsonian Institution closed its Astrophysical Observatory in Washington, D.C. in 1955 and moved it as a budget line to Harvard first as a department of the Harvard College Observatory and then as the dominant partner. I examine the years when its founder-director, Fred Whipple, pushed the boundaries of research normally associated with an astronomical observatory to create one of the most complex scientific infrastructures for pursing both classical themes in astronomy, and themes associated as well with national service in areas far removed from the classical techniques of time and navigation. We carry the story to the point when Whipple stepped down as director in consequence of both Harvard and the Smithsonian deciding that a deep restructuring was necessary to better accommodate the survival of the institution as a true hybrid of governmental and private research activities. This is an institutional case-study that explores how changing patterns of patronage influenced disciplinary change in astronomy, and the role key personalities played in building this hybrid institution into one of the largest astronomical institutions on the planet. To my knowledge this is the first study of the effect of new funding sources created by Cold War priorities on a civilian astronomical institution, in fact on two astronomical institutions.-- _cProvided by publisher.
542			_fCopyright 2018 _g2018 _cSmithsonian Institution
600	1	0	_aWhipple, Fred L. _q(Fred Lawrence), _d1906-2004.
610	2	0	_aSmithsonian Astrophysical Observatory _xHistory.
650		0	_aAstrophysics _zUnited States _xHistory _y20th century.
650		0	_aAstronomy _zUnited States _xHistory _y20th century.
650		0	_aScience and state _zUnited States _xHistory _y20th century.
650		0	_aCold War _xHistory.
710	2		_aSmithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, _epublisher.
830		0	_aSmithsonian contribution to knowledge.
907			_a.b16677894 _b2019-11-12 _c2019-11-12
942			_c01 _n0 _kQB82.U62S658
914			_avtls003643145
991			_aFakulti Pendidikan
998			_at _b2019-04-01 _cm _da _feng _gwau _y0 _z.b16677894
999			_c635881 _d635881