al-Atrak al-Uthmaniyun fi Afriqiya al-Shamaliyah - al-Tir,'Aziz Samih; 'Amir, Mahmud'Ali (Bayrut : Dar al-Nahdah al-'Arabiyah, 1989)
Keywords: Africa, North -- History; Turkey -- History -- Ottoman Empire, 1288-1918.; Turkey -- Foreign relations -- Africa, North