al-'Asr al-'Uthmani min al-quwwah wa-al-haymanah ila bidayat al-mas'alah al-sharqiyah - Mustaffa, Nadiyah Mahmud (al-Qahirah : al-Ma'had al-'Alami li al-Fikr al-Islami, 1996)
Keywords: Diplomatic relations; Turkey -- History -- Ottoman Empire, 1288-1918 -- Foreign relations; Turkey -- Foreign relations