Environmental remediation and restoration of contaminated nuclear and NORM sites /
edited by Leo van Velzen.
- 1 online resource.
- Woodhead Publishing series in energy ; number 71 .
- Woodhead Publishing in energy ; no. 71. .
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Front Cover; Related titles; Environmental Remediation and Restoration of Contaminated Nuclearand NORM Sites; Copyright; Contents; List of contributors; Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy; Part One -- Contaminated nuclear and NORM sites: types and characteristics; 1 -- Radioactive and other environmental contamination from uranium mining and milling; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 The front end of the nuclear fuel cycle; 1.3 Uranium mining and milling (UMM) legacy sites and their remediation; 1.4 Life-cycle management of UMM sites; 1.5 Future trends; 1.6 Sources of further information; References 2 -- Radioactive contamination and other environmental impacts of waste from nuclear and conventional power plants, medical and other industrial sources2.1 Introduction: radioactively contaminated sites and other environmental impacts from nuclear and radioactive installations; 2.2 Environmental impacts from nuclear power plant radioactive effluents; 2.3 Environmental impacts from coal power plant radioactive effluents and solid waste; 2.4 Solid radioactive wastes from nuclear power plants; 2.5 Solid radioactive wastes from facilities for medical, research or industrial purposes 2.6 Environmental impacts from nuclear and radiological accidents2.7 Future trends; 2.8 Sources of further information; References; 3 -- Radionuclide behaviour in the natural environment: an overview; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Description of the radionuclides (RNs) of interest; 3.3 RN migration: presentation of the different governing processes; 3.4 The RN source term; 3.5 RN speciation and precipitation; 3.6 RN retention at the solid-liquid interface; 3.7 RN transport processes; 3.8 Coupling of chemical and transport processes: towards an efficient simulation approach 3.9 Conclusion: how to reliably predict any future RN migrationReferences; Appendix: main physical and chemical properties of the most significant natural and artificial radionuclides to be found in NORM...; Part Two -- Environmental restorationframeworks and processes; 4 -- Stakeholder involvement in the remediation of contaminated nuclear and NORM sites; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Definition of stakeholders and the importance of engagement at nuclear and NORM sites; 4.3 Evolution of stakeholder engagement; 4.4 Mechanisms of engagement; 4.5 Constructing an engagement programme; 4.6 Future trends 4.7 Case studies4.8 Sources of further information and advice; References; 5 -- International recommendations and guidance on regulation of contaminated nuclear and NORM sites, and aspects of national level application; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Regulatory challenges; 5.3 International recommendations and guidance and examples of national regulatory requirements; 5.4 Progression from recognition to resolution; 5.5 Distinguishing different nuclear legacy situations; 5.6 Factors to consider in addressing regulatory challenges at nuclear legacy sites; References 6 -- Modelling of radionuclide distribution in contaminated nuclear and NORM sites
Nuclear sites become contaminated with radionuclides due to accidents and activities carried out without due consideration for the environment. Naturally-occurring radioactive materials (NORM) released by industrial processes such as coal power production and fertilizer manufacture may also require clean-up. Environmental remediation and restoration aim to reduce exposure to radiation from contaminated soil or groundwater. This book provides a comprehensive overview of this area. Part 1 provides an introduction to the different types of contaminated site and their characteristics. Part 2 addre.