Aqueous pretreatment of plant biomass for biological and chemical conversion to fuels and chemicals / editor, Charles E. Wyman.

Includes index.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Wiley Series in Renewable Resources; Title Page; Copyright; List of Contributors; Foreword; Series Preface; Preface; Acknowledgements; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 Cellulosic Biomass: What and Why?; 1.2 Aqueous Processing of Cellulosic Biomass into Organic Fuels and Chemicals; 1.3 Attributes for Successful Pretreatment; 1.4 Pretreatment Options; 1.5 Possible Blind Spots in the Historic Pretreatment Paradigm; 1.6 Other Distinguishing Features of Pretreatment Technologies; 1.7 Book Approach; 1.8 Overview of Book Chapters; Acknowledgements; References

Chapter 2: Cellulosic Biofuels: Importance, Recalcitrance, and Pretreatment2.1 Our Place in History; 2.2 The Need for Energy from Biomass; 2.3 The Importance of Cellulosic Biomass; 2.4 Potential Barriers; 2.5 Biological and Thermochemical Approaches to the Recalcitrance Barrier; 2.6 Pretreatment; Acknowledgements; References; Chapter 3: Plant Cell Walls: Basics of Structure, Chemistry, Accessibility and the Influence on Conversion; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Biomass Diversity Leads to Variability in Cell-wall Structure and Composition

3.3 Processing Options for Accessing the Energy in the Lignocellulosic Matrix3.4 Plant Tissue and Cell Types Respond Differently to Biomass Conversion; 3.5 The Basics of Plant Cell-wall Structure; 3.6 Cell-wall Surfaces and Multilamellar Architecture; 3.7 Cell-wall Ultrastructure and Nanoporosity; 3.8 Computer Simulation in Understanding Biomass Recalcitrance; 3.9 Summary; Acknowledgements; References; Chapter 4: Biological Conversion of Plants to Fuels and Chemicals and the Effects of Inhibitors; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Overview of Biological Conversion

4.3 Enzyme and Ethanol Fermentation Inhibitors Released during Pretreatment and/or Enzyme Hydrolysis4.4 Hydrolysis of Pentose Sugar Oligomers Using Solid-acid Catalysts; 4.5 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; Chapter 5: Catalytic Strategies for Converting Lignocellulosic Carbohydrates to Fuels and Chemicals; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Biomass Conversion Strategies; 5.3 Criteria for Fuels and Chemicals; 5.4 Primary Feedstocks and Platforms; 5.5 Sugar Conversion and Key Intermediates; 5.6 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; Chapter 6: Fundamentals of Biomass Pretreatment at Low pH

6.1 Introduction6.2 Effects of Low pH on Biomass Solids; 6.3 Pretreatment in Support of Biological Conversion; 6.4 Low-pH Hydrolysis of Cellulose and Hemicellulose; 6.5 Models of Low-pH Biomass Reactions; 6.6 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; Chapter 7: Fundamentals of Aqueous Pretreatment of Biomass; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Self-ionization of Water Catalyzes Plant Cell-wall Depolymerization; 7.3 Products from the Hydrolysis of the Plant Cell Wall Contribute to Further Depolymerization; 7.4 Mechanisms of Aqueous Pretreatment

Plant biomass is attracting increasing attention as a sustainable resource for large-scale production of renewable fuels and chemicals. However, in order to successfully compete with petroleum, it is vital that biomass conversion processes are designed to minimize costs and maximize yields. Advances in pretreatment technology are critical in order to develop high-yielding, cost-competitive routes to renewable fuels and chemicals. Aqueous Pretreatment of Plant Biomass for Biological and Chemical Conversion to Fuels and Chemicals presents a comprehensive overview of the currently available aqueous pretreatment technologies for cellulosic biomass, highlighting the fundamental chemistry and biology of each method, key attributes and limitations, and opportunities for future advances. Topics covered include: The importance of biomass conversion to fuelsThe role of pretreatment in biological and chemical conversion of biomassComposition and structure of biomass, and recalcitrance to conversionFundamentals of biomass pretreatment at low, neutral and high pHIonic liquid and organosolv pretreatments to fractionate biomassComparative data for application of leading pretreatments and effect of enzyme formulationsPhysical and chemical features of pretreated biomassEconomics of pretreatment for biological processingMethods of analysis and enzymatic conversion of biomass streamsExperimental pretreatment systems from multiwell plates to pilot plant operations This comprehensive reference book provides an authoritative source of information on the pretreatment of cellulosic biomass to aid those experienced in the field to access the most current information on the topic. It will also be invaluable to those entering the growing field of biomass conversion.

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